By and large
Meaning
Considering most aspects of a situation; generally speaking.
Origin
This phrase hails from the golden age of sail, where it was a technical term describing a ship's ability to handle various winds. To sail 'by' meant to sail close-hauled, heading as directly into the wind as possible—a challenging feat requiring skill and precision to avoid being blown off course. To sail 'large' meant to sail with the wind coming from behind or on the quarter, allowing the sails to be set wide and the ship to move quickly and easily. Thus, 'by and large' encompassed the entire spectrum of sailing conditions, from the most difficult to the most favorable. It literally meant 'in all possible ways of sailing,' eventually migrating from the quarterdeck into common parlance to mean 'on the whole' or 'generally speaking,' considering all circumstances.
Examples
- By and large, the new software update has improved performance for most users.
- The quality of the food at the restaurant was excellent by and large, despite a slightly overcooked side dish.